1Topic 1
Models of the Particulate Nature of Matter
Particles, atoms, electrons, moles and gases
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Topic 1
Models of the Particulate Nature of Matter
Particles, atoms, electrons, moles and gases
Particles, Substances & Physical Change
Elements, compounds, mixtures, separation techniques, changes of state, and particle kinetic energy.
Atomic Structure
The nuclear model of the atom, protons, neutrons, electrons, and isotopes.
Electron Arrangement
The electromagnetic spectrum, emission spectra, energy levels, sublevels, orbitals, and electron configurations.
The Mole & Quantitative Chemistry
The mole, molar mass, empirical formula, concentration, Avogadro’s law, and particle calculations.
Gases
Ideal gases, molar gas volume, ideal gas equation, and real gas behaviour.
2Topic 2
Models of Bonding & Structure
Ionic, covalent and metallic bonding and materials
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Topic 2
Models of Bonding & Structure
Ionic, covalent and metallic bonding and materials
Ionic Bonding
Ion formation, binary ionic compounds, and ionic lattice structures.
Covalent Bonding
Covalent bonds, Lewis structures, multiple bonds, coordinate bonding, molecular shapes, bond polarity, molecular polarity, giant covalent structures, intermolecular forces, covalent properties, and chromatography.
Metallic Bonding
Metallic structure, properties of metals, uses of metals, and key features of s-block and p-block elements.
Materials & Structure
Bonding models, structure-property relationships, alloys, polymers, and addition polymerisation.
3Topic 3
Classification of Matter
Periodic trends and organic families
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Topic 3
Classification of Matter
Periodic trends and organic families
Periodic Trends & Element Classification
The periodic table, electron configuration patterns, periodic trends, reactions of Group 1 and Group 17 elements, metallic and non-metallic oxides, and oxidation states.
Organic Families & Functional Groups
Organic formulas, functional groups, homologous series, IUPAC naming, and structural isomerism.
4Topic 4
What Drives Chemical Reactions?
Enthalpy, energy cycles and fuels
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Topic 4
What Drives Chemical Reactions?
Enthalpy, energy cycles and fuels
Enthalpy Change
Heat and temperature, exothermic and endothermic reactions, energy profiles, standard enthalpy changes, and calorimetry.
Energy Cycles
Bond enthalpy, Hess’s law, and enthalpy cycle calculations.
Fuels & Energy Sources
Combustion, incomplete combustion, carbon dioxide from fuels, greenhouse links, biofuels, and fuel cells.
5Topic 5
How Much, How Fast & How Far?
Stoichiometry, rates and equilibrium
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Topic 5
How Much, How Fast & How Far?
Stoichiometry, rates and equilibrium
Amount of Chemical Change
Balanced equations, reacting masses, molar gas volume, concentration, limiting and excess reactants, percentage yield, and atom economy.
Reaction Rates
Rates of reaction, experimental rate measurement, collision theory, factors affecting rate, activation energy, catalysts, and Maxwell–Boltzmann distributions.
Chemical Equilibrium
Dynamic equilibrium, equilibrium law, equilibrium constants, and Le Chatelier’s principle.
6Topic 6
Mechanisms of Chemical Change
Proton transfer, redox, radicals and organic pathways
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Topic 6
Mechanisms of Chemical Change
Proton transfer, redox, radicals and organic pathways
Proton Transfer
Brønsted–Lowry acids and bases, conjugate pairs, amphiprotic species, pH, ion product of water, strong and weak acids, neutralisation, and pH curves.
Electron Transfer
Oxidation and reduction, half-equations, redox tendency, reactions of acids with metals, primary and secondary cells, electrolysis, oxidation of alcohols, and reduction reactions in organic chemistry.
Radical Reactions
Radicals, homolytic fission, and halogenation of alkanes.
Organic Reaction Pathways
Nucleophilic substitution, heterolytic fission, and electrophilic addition.
Need theory or method first?
Read the Revision Notes before tackling exam questions.